American Export Lines, New
York, was the
biggest US-flag shipping company between the US east coast and the
Mediterranean from 1919 to 1977, offering both cargo ship services and
passenger ship services, until declaring bankruptcy and was acquired by
Farrell
Lines, New York.
The Export Steamship
Corporation Inc. was
founded in January 1919 under the laws of the State of New York. The
first Export transatlantic
sailing was undertaken by the 3,274 ton chartered freighter
MILLINOCKET, which
left New York on 16 May 1919 for Antwerp. The
Export
Steamship Corporation is often regarded as having run exclusively
between the
USA and the Mediterranean but, in fact, its first few sailings were all
to
Northern Europe. The first Mediterranean voyage was taken by the LAKE FESTINA,
a brand new ship built at Toledo, Ohio, hence her sailing on 26 July from Montreal
for Gibraltar, Piraeus and the Black Sea.
The 4,969 ton HOG ISLAND,
newly completed
by the
American International Shipbuilding Corporation of Hog
Island, Pennsylvania,
reached New York in ballast on 19
October 1919 from Philadelphia.
She sailed
again on 26 November for Gibraltar and Piraeus,
and was the first of a fleet HOG ISLAND
freighters to run
for the Company. By degrees all the smaller ships were withdrawn. The
Company
received its first subsidy in 1925 in return for an undertaking to
operate 60
or more sailings a year from America
to the Mediterranean and the director
Henry
Herbermann purchased sixteen HOG ISLANDERS and two other ships from the
United
States Shipping Board for a purchase prise of $ 1,062,000. It became
effective
with the departure of the COEUR D'ALENE
from New York
on 25 August.
At about the same time, the description American Export Lines came into
popular
use, although the official title was still Export Steamship
Corporation. By
1928 the Company had the largest privately owned American flag fleet in
the North Atlantic trade, with 22
ships.
Henry Herbermann, president
of the line,
announced on 3 August 1928 that for the sake of uniformity it had been
decided
to give all the ships names bearing the prefix EX. The first to be
renamed were
THE LAMBS, which became the EXPORTER, and the HOG ISLAND,
which became the EXPRESS. In accordance with the Merchant Marine Act of
1928,
the Company was simultaneously awarded a ten year mail contract at
increased
remuneration.
A few weeks later the
Company proposed to
build four passenger and cargo vessels for a new mail service from New York to the Mediterranean,
and a loan of 75 per cent of their cost having been approved by the
United
States Shipping Board. Hitherto, the American Export ships had carried
a
maximum of 12 passengers, and as an indication of their new policy two
of the
existing fleet, the EXARCH and EXCELSIOR, were converted to carry 37
passengers, all in outside cabins on the bridge deck. The dining
saloons were
enlarged, and the ships were fitted with lounges and smoking rooms. The
EXCELSIOR was ready in time to sail from New York on 21 May 1929 and the
EXARCH on 4 July. A third
ship, the EXILONA, was also converted and left on 10 October. These
round
voyages occupied about 75 days, the fare was from $375 and sailings
were
approximately once a month. There was no fixed itinerary. On the first
of two
typical occasions, calls were made at Gibraltar,
Malta, Alexandria, Jaffa,
Haifa
and Beirut, and on the second at
Gibraltar, Piraeus,
Salonika, Constantinople and
Constanza.
In March 1934 the United
States Commerce
Department demanded a complete reorganisation of the Export Steamship
Corporation, the first step being the resignation of Henry Herbermann
from the
presidency. A year later, the New York Shipbuilding Corporation,
builders of
the FOUR ACES and holders of a controlling interest in the Company,
sold this
interest to a syndicate which included Lehman Brothers and Thomas L.
Chadbourne. Finally, a new company,American Export Lines Inc. was
formed in
August 1936.
In April 1946 American
Export announced
their first post-war schedule of passenger sailings to Mediterranean
ports by
the 24,469 ton motorship VULCANIA, built in 1927 for the Cosulich Line
and
later incorporated into Italia Line, and the C-4 type vessels MARINE
SHARK and
MARINE CARP. The VULCANIA was, in fact, already engaged in her first
commercial
voyage for the Company, her sixth and last ending at New York on 1
November 1946. A fortnight
later, she and her sister ship, the SATURNIA, which had been laid up at
New York for several months,
were handed back to Italy.
Subsequent sailings were under the auspices of Italia, who appointed
American
Export as their American agents.
It was announced in November
1947 that the
Company was planning to build two 23,000 ton express liners for a new
service
between New York, Naples,
Cannes and Genoa,
a route that would undoubtedly compete with Italia, provided the
Maritime
Commission agreed to put up the full 50 per cent construction subsidy
allowable
under the 1936 Merchant Marine Act. In addition, work had already
started on
the rebuilding of four smaller 'ACE' type passenger ships, which had
been built
by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation's Sparrow Point yard to
American
Export specifications, and subsequently taken over by the US Navy as
attack-cargo vessels.
The 23,719 ton INDEPENDENCE and CONSTITUTION,
named after two of the American Navy's most famous sailing ships of the
war of
1812, were built by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at Quincy, Massachusetts.
They were twin-screw ships propelled by double-reduction geared
turbines at a
service speed of 23 knots, and could accommodate 295 first class, 375
cabin and
330 tourist passengers.
Late in 1960 the American
Export Isbrandtsen
Lines entered into an agreement with the United States Maritime
Commision to
operate the nuclear powered SAVANNAH
built in 1962. The Savannah
was not a big success, on no occasion did the passenger lists exceed 25
and in
1965 she became a pure cargo freighter. The Savannah was refuelled in 1968 after
four
years of service but she was not a big succes. The SAVANNAH
was laid up at Savannah
on 10 January 1972 after her nuclear core was removed in 1971. It was
announced
in October 1960 that the Isbrandtsen Company Inc., of New York, had
acquired a
controlling interest in American Export Lines by buying the holdings of
Mr
& Mrs C. Michael Paul. In October 1962 the new title American
Export &
Isbrandtsen Lines came into use, amended a year or so later to American
Export
Isbrandtsen Lines Inc. A new houseflag was introduced at this time to
denote
the change of ownership.
The Isbrandtsen interests
withdrew from
American Export in 1973, and the Company's title again became American
Export
Lines Inc.
The American Export Lines
were acquired on
28 March 1978 by Farrell Lines Inc. of New York, a line dating back to
1926 and
running services from East and Gulf Coasts of the USA to West, South
and East
Africa and to Australia and New Zealand. And from North Pacific
Coast
ports to Australia,
New Zealand
and the South Pacific. As a result, Farrell Lines became the largest
privately-owned shipping company in the United States. The name
American
Export Lines has largely been dropped from advertisements, but the
description
American Export Service is retained in connection with Farrell services
from
East Coast ports of the USA
to the Mediterranean, to the United
Kingdom
and to Northern Europe.
Farrell Lines was acquired
by Royal P&O
Nedlloyd in July 2000, in turn, the Royal P&O Nedlloyd was acquired
by A.P.
Moller-Maersk Group in August 2005 and became Maersk Line.
A.P. Moller - Maersk Group
www.maersk.com
Maersk Line
www.maerskline.com
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